The Old Bailey in London got its name from the street that runs by it, that was once the location of the western wall or “bailey” of the city of London. It stands on the site of the Newgate Prison, just north of St Paul’s Cathedral.

The medieval structure that was the Old Bailey was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and when it was rebuilt, it was open to the elements in hopes that the circulation of fresh air would reduce the contagion of various diseases such a typhus that were commonly spread by contact with the prisoners.

This curious arrangement allowed for spectators to crowd the yard and comment on the proceedings. It was said that many an unsavoury character attended proceedings to get good ideas for their own defence, and that the will of the crowds often had some influence with the decisions of the court, as well.

In 1737, the Old Bailey was given a new frontage which closed it from the view of spectators, unfortunately this arrangement also led to the spread of disease. In 1750, an outbreak of typhus fever killed 60 people, including the Lord Mayor and two judges. The court responded by spreading herbs on the floor and issuing nosegays in hopes this would get rid of the disease, and there is a ceremony to commemorate this practice that takes place even today.

The Old Bailey was rebuilt again in 1774, adding more rooms and accommodations to suit the growing needs of the judicial system.

By the 19th century the Old Bailey was becoming more inadequate and plans were made to expand. The infamous Newgate Prison was pulled down and a new larger courthouse structure was put into place. The new building opened in 1907, and although there have been major repairs and renovations over the years, the main structure is still much as it was when it first opened.

The Old Bailey in London has 18 courtrooms, most with public viewing galleries, and admission to the galleries is free and open to everyone over age 14.

Visiting Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court)

Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court), City of London, City, EC4M 7EH

Telephone: 020 7248 3277

Photo courtesy: flyheatherfly

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